![]() The kidneys are a pair of
purplish-brown organs situated at the back of the abdominal cavity, lateral to the spinal
column. The kidneys form urine from blood plasma. They are the major regulators of the
water, electrolyte, and acid-base content of the blood and, indirectly, all body fluids.
Kidney stones are an abnormal concretion usually composed of crystalline urinary salts held
together by viscid organic matter. In the kidney, these stones can block urine flow. If
the ureter is blocked by the stone, there is sudden, severe, and paroxysmal renal colic
with chills, fever, hematuria, and frequency of urination. The prognosis is serious if
left untreated. Pain relief is a priority, and relaxing the smooth muscles will help in
passing the stone and relieving pain. If the stone is preventing urine flow or continues
to grow and causes infection, surgery may be indicated, or the stone may be disintegrated
ultrasonically.
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![]() Kidney Stones
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![]() s many as 10 percent of
American men and 5 percent of American women have a kidney stone at least once in their
lifetime. Usually composed of calcium, or crystalline urinary salts, stones form in the
kidneys when amounts of water, calcium oxylate, uric acid, and phosphate normally in the
kidneys become imbalanced. When the urine pH is abnormal or the kidneys' normal
protective mechanisms are overwhelmed, stones may also form. ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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